Russia joins more countries in issuance of yuan bonds as currency’s internationalization accelerates

Chinese yuan Photo:VCG

Russia's Finance Ministry will take orders on Tuesday for a two-tranche, domestically traded yuan-denominated sovereign bond sale, joining multiple countries including Hungary and Indonesia in the issuance of yuan-denominated bonds in 2025. Analysts said that the move underscores global investors' increasing confidence in China's economy and its currency.

The bonds will be issued with maturities ranging from three to seven years, a coupon payment frequency of 182 days and a nominal value of 10,000 yuan ($1,413.32) each. Investors will have the opportunity to buy bonds and receive payments in both the yuan and ruble according to their choice, according to a statement on the website of Russia's Finance Ministry.

The borrower is expected to market the debt with a targeted coupon of 6.25 to 6.5 percent for the 3.2-year tranche, adding that coupon for the 7.5-year portion will be capped at 7.5 percent, Bloomberg reported on Monday, citing the Interfax news agency.  

In addition to Russia, Hungary issued 5 billion yuan in panda bonds - yuan-denominated debt securities issued by overseas entities in China - in China's interbank market in July, the Xinhua News Agency reported. In October, the government of Indonesia raised 6 billion yuan in its first ever yuan-denominated bond, the China News Service reported.

"Foreign governments and foreign-funded enterprises increasingly issue yuan-denominated bonds, both in the Chinese mainland and offshore, which underscores the growing attractiveness of the Chinese currency," Zhao Qingming, a Beijing-based veteran financial expert, told the Global Times on Monday.

Zhao said that the yuan has become a major international currency. According to SWIFT data, the yuan's share in global payments reached 3.17 percent in September, with yuan payments increasing by 15.53 percent compared with August.

A recent report by the Bank for International Settlements confirmed the yuan's status as the world's fifth-largest trading currency, with its global transaction share at 8.5 percent, up 1.5 percentage points from 2022, the largest rise among all currencies.

The yuan is the largest settlement currency in China's external payments and receipts, the second-largest trade financing currency globally, and the third-largest payment currency, and it ranks third in the IMF's Special Drawing Rights basket, according to data from the website of the People's Bank of China (PBC), the country's central bank, in October.

Overseas entities' holdings of onshore yuan-denominated financial assets have exceeded 10 trillion yuan. More than 80 countries and regions' central banks or monetary authorities have included the yuan in their foreign exchange reserves, while yuan-denominated bonds and stocks have been included in major global asset trading indices, according to the PBC.

The yuan's internationalization has accelerated in recent years, but there is great potential for further gains, given the status of China's economy in the world, Cong Yi, a professor at the Tianjin School of Administration, told the Global Times on Monday.

"Thanks to China's economic robustness, institutional advantages and commitment to high-level opening-up, China's economy remains on the trajectory of sound development. The yuan's internationalization will continue to advance, with the currency to be accepted by an increasing number of economies and market entities," Cong said.

An official of the PBC said that China will continue to improve the environment for both domestic and overseas entities holding and using the yuan, as the cross-border use of the yuan is a natural process, according to an interview posted on the central bank's website in October.

"As the pace of diversification in the international monetary system accelerates, business entities are showing a stronger endogenous demand for using the yuan," the official said.

To steadily promote the yuan's internationalization, efforts are needed to boost yuan settlement in China's cross-border trade and expand Chinese yuan direct investment overseas, according to Zhao.

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Xi’s art of the win

Coconut industry rebounds strongly

 

The Matag coconut all cut up and ready to drink from its shell.

An aerial view of a Matag coconut plantation in Bagan Datuk, Perak. — Photos: Bernama

COCONUT and Bagan Datuk are inseparable.

A visit to this district is said to be incomplete without tasting its famously sweet young coconut water – a natural product many claim is unlike anywhere else in the country.

For hundreds of years, coconut has been the community’s primary commodity crop.

Bagan Datuk once earned a place on the world map as one of the most important coconut producing regions from the late 19th to mid-20th century.

Built on the rich alluvial soils at the mouth of Sungai Perak and blessed with a humid tropical climate, the region is naturally suited for growing Cocos nucifera, the coconut palm.

These natural conditions produce coconuts with thicker flesh, which will have richer and creamier coconut milk.

Today, coconut remains Perak’s second most important agricultural commodity after rice, reported Bernama.

According to the latest data from the Perak Agriculture Department, Bagan Datuk contributed nearly 90% of Perak’s coconut production or about 12% of Malaysia’s total supply, making it the country’s third largest producer after Selangor and Johor.

Coconut cultivation is a way of life in Bagan Datuk, practised by almost every household.

From small home plots to commercial plantations, Perak folk are growing modern hybrid varieties such as the Malayan Tall and Matag.

A worker plucking coconuts from a tree at the plantation in Bagan Datuk.

Sweet coconut water

According to coconut grower and wholesaler Abdul Aziz Mokhtar, 50, the Matag variety is usually grown for both coconut water and coconut milk, while the taller Malayan Tall variety is more commonly cultivated for milk production.

“Some smallholders still plant the old varieties, what people call kelapa kampung or Malayan Tall and harvest a mix of old and young coconuts mainly for coconut milk,” he said.

Matag F1, he said, was relatively new to local farmers, introduced around five to six years ago by the Agriculture Department to improve yield and quality.

“Malayan Tall trees are known for longevity and stable yields, while Matag palms grow faster, produce more and stay shorter.”

“Matag trees can be planted more densely – about 70 trees per 0.4ha compared to 60 for Malayan Tall – because they are shorter and their fronds don’t spread as widely,” he added.

With more than 20 years experience in coconut farming, Abdul Aziz noted that research by the Agriculture Department and the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Mardi) has significantly improved coconut varieties.

“In the past, we only had the traditional local varieties, but over the past decade, new types like Pandan, Matag F1 and SGG have emerged,” he said.

The main advantage of the new types, he said, was speed.

“These new varieties mature faster – you can start harvesting in just three to three-and-a-half years.

“The older Malayan Tall or village varieties take seven to eight years to bear fruit, which is not commercially viable today,” he pointed out.

In August, Mardi announced the development of four new hybrid varieties, namely the Mylag, Marleca, Careca and Careni, which are capable of producing up to 25,000 coconuts per hectare annually.

Abdul Aziz says the Matag F1 is a relatively new type to the local farmers.

Strong economic potential

A farmer’s income depends on the variety planted and the size of the farm, with some seeing returns as early as three to four years after planting.

On average, a grower tending two hectares can earn between RM2,000 and RM2,500 per month, based on an average price of RM1 per coconut.

Beyond selling fresh coconuts or coconut milk, many smallholders also produced value-added products such as kerisik and virgin coconut oil among other coconut-based goods.

Based on his experience engaging with foreign entrepreneurs at seminars and workshops, Abdul Aziz believes Malaysia has strong potential to become a coconut-exporting nation, but only if production stabilised.

“China is very interested in importing coconuts from Malaysia.

A coconut plantation worker in Bagan Datuk collected a bunch of Matag coconuts. - Bernama

“Inconsistent supply remains the biggest barrier.

“If they request one million coconuts and we cannot deliver, it becomes a major issue,” he said.

He believes that once production challenges are addressed, Bagan Datuk can become a major global supplier, bringing significant economic benefits to local communities.

Youths returning home

As urban job markets become increasingly uncertain, more young people are returning to their hometowns to pursue agriculture, including coconut farming which offers a stable income potential.

For young people with access to family land, even over a 1.2ha is enough to generate side income.

Properly maintained, every 0.4ha can yield about 800 young coconuts per month, bringing in around RM800.

It has now become a trend among the district’s youth – farming on their own, managing family plots or even helping relatives, despite having full-time jobs.

One of them is Syamsul Bahri Imam, 38, who previously worked in building maintenance. He returned to his village to continue his late father’s coconut farming legacy.

“I took over when my father fell ill, and continued the work after he passed away.

“People used to think coconut farming was an old man’s job, but now many young people are interested. Some are continuing their fathers’ work, others are starting from scratch,” he said.

Syamsul said city life was expensive and that earning RM3,000 in the city may not be enough, but RM2,500 in the village was comfortable.

“You have your own home, food is cheaper and government support like fertiliser and pesticide subsidies help a lot.”

Still, he notes that challenges remain, such as pests especially monkeys, which frequently target coconut farms.

Government commitment

Perak Agriculture Department director Norsiyenti Othman said both the state and Federal governments have channelled targeted allocations through programmes such as the New Planting Programme and Rehabilitation Programme to support coconut farmers.

“To strengthen the direction of the coconut industry, the Perak Agriculture Department received RM1.26mil in allocations from the state and Federal governments,” she said.

The funds covered agricultural development, training and small-scale agro-based industry (IAT) programmes, she added.

Bagan Datuk district remains the state’s leading producer with 80,029 tonnes followed by Manjung (4,192 tonnes) and Kinta (1,718 tonnes).

The state’s coconut industry continues to grow, achieving a Self-Sufficiency Level (SSL) of 141%.

Norsiyenti said output increased to 89, 978 tonnes across 7,478ha in 2024, driven by replanting and rehabilitation efforts.

Under Perak’s coconut development initiative, two main sub-programmes are implemented.

One of it is new planting and replanting incentives that include land clearing, removing old trees, site preparation, hole-digging, fencing and installation of irrigation and drainage systems.

Farmers also receive inputs such as fertilisers, pesticides, tools and certified seedlings.

The second one is rehabilitation of existing farms, where participants receive similar agricultural inputs to restore productivity on older farms.

In 2024, a total of 61.01ha were covered under both programmes, benefitting 40 recipients who collectively produced 420 tonnes of coconuts worth RM546,000.

Xi says ready to work with Trump to build solid foundation for bilateral ties

 

Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with U.S. President Donald Trump in Busan, South Korea, Oct. 30, 2025. (Xinhua/Huang JBy Xinhuaingwen)

Chinese President Xi Jinping said here Thursday that he is ready to continue working with U.S. President Donald Trump to build a solid foundation for bilateral ties, and create a sound atmosphere for the development of both countries.

In a meeting with Trump, Xi said under their joint guidance, China-U.S. relations have remained stable on the whole.

"China and the United States should be partners and friends. That is what history has taught us and what reality needs," he said.

Given different national conditions, the two sides do not always see eye to eye with each other, and it is normal for the two leading economies of the world to have frictions now and then, Xi added.

"You and I are at the helm of China-U.S. relations," said Xi. "In the face of winds, waves and challenges, we should stay the right course, navigate through the complex landscape, and ensure the steady sailing forward of the giant ship of China-U.S. relations."

Xi said that there is a good momentum in China's economic development, adding that in the first three quarters of this year, China's economy increased by 5.2 percent, and import and export trade in goods with the rest of the world expanded by 4 percent.

This is not an easy accomplishment given the domestic and external difficulties, Xi noted, adding that the Chinese economy is like a vast ocean, big, resilient and promising.

"We have the confidence and capability to navigate all kinds of risks and challenges," Xi added.

Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with U.S. President Donald Trump in Busan, South Korea, Oct. 30, 2025. (Xinhua/Shen Hong)

At its fourth plenary session, the 20th CPC Central Committee deliberated over and adopted the recommendations for the economic and social development plan over the next five years, Xi said.

"Over the past seven decades and more, we have been working from generation to generation on the same blueprint to make it a reality. We have no intention to challenge or supplant anyone. Our focus has always been on managing China's own affairs well, improving ourselves, and sharing development opportunities with all countries across the world," he added.

Describing that as an important secret to China's success, Xi said China will further deepen reform across the board, expand opening up, and promote higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output, and advance well-rounded human development and common prosperity for all, adding that this will also expand the space for cooperation between China and the United States.

Xi noted that the two countries' economic and trade teams had an in-depth exchange of views on important economic and trade issues, and reached consensus on solving various issues.

He called on the two teams to work out and finalize the follow-up steps as soon as possible, and ensure that the common understandings are effectively upheld and implemented, to inject confidence into the two countries as well as the global economy through solid deliverables.

China-U.S. economic and trade relations have experienced ups and downs recently, and this has also given the two sides some insights, Xi noted.

The business relationship, Xi said, should continue to serve as the anchor and driving force for China-U.S. relations, not a stumbling block or a point of friction. 

The two sides should think big and recognize the long-term benefit of cooperation, and must not fall into a vicious cycle of mutual retaliation, he added, calling on the two teams to continue their talks in the spirit of equality, mutual respect and mutual benefit, and continuously shorten the list of problems and lengthen the list of cooperation.

Dialogue is better than confrontation, Xi said, adding that China and the United States should maintain communication through various channels and at various levels to enhance mutual understanding.

There is good potential for the two countries to work together on combating illegal immigration and telecom fraud, anti-money laundering, artificial intelligence, and responding to infectious diseases, he added.

The competent departments should strengthen dialogue and exchanges and carry out mutually beneficial cooperation, Xi said, adding that the two countries should also engage in positive interactions on regional and international platforms.

"The world today is confronted with many tough problems. China and the United States can jointly shoulder our responsibility as major countries, and work together to accomplish more great and concrete things for the good of our two countries and the whole world," he added.

China will host APEC 2026, and the United States the G20 summit next year, Xi noted.

The two sides can support each other in making both summits productive to promote world economic growth and improve global economic governance, he added.

Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with U.S. President Donald Trump in Busan, South Korea, Oct. 30, 2025. (Xinhua/Huang Jingwen)

Noting that it was a great honor to meet with Xi, Trump said China is a great country and President Xi is a well respected great leader, with whom he has been good friends for many years and has always got along well.

The United States and China have always had a fantastic relationship, and it will be even better, said Trump, voicing his hope for an even better future for both China and the United States.

China is the biggest partner of the United States, and with joint efforts, the two countries can get many great things done for the world and have many years of success, said Trump.

China will host the 2026 APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, while the United States will host the G20 Summit next year, said Trump, wishing both sides every success in these important events.

The two presidents have agreed to enhance cooperation in economic, trade, energy and other fields and to encourage more people-to-people exchanges.

They have also agreed to maintain interactions on a regular basis. Trump looked forward to visiting China early next year, and invited President Xi to visit the United States.

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Malaysia's Disposable income rises nationwide to RM7,584

 

PUTRAJAYA: Malaysia’s average disposable household income rose by 3.2% to RM7,584 in 2024, according to the latest Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2024 Report.

“In terms of disposable income, the average monthly disposable household income increased by 3.2% to RM7,584 in 2024, while the median rose 5.1% to RM5,999. This represents 82.8% of total gross household income, indicating households’ ability to meet essential expenditure needs,” the report stated.

The report also highlighted that this rise in disposable income was accompanied by a gradual improvement in income distribution.

“Households in the Bottom 40 (B40) group, comprising 3.28 million households, had income of up to RM5,858,” according to the report, which was released yesterday.  

The report comprises 33 official statistical publications, presenting comprehensive findings and analyses of the country’s socioeconomic landscape from the perspective of household income and expenditure.

It also noted that the median household income in Malaysia reached RM7,017 in 2024, growing by 5.1% annually, while the mean household income rose by 3.8% to RM9,155.

Income growth varied by state, reflecting diverse economic conditions, the report added.

Six states recorded median household incomes above the national level, with Kuala Lumpur at RM10,802, followed by Putrajaya (RM10,769), Selangor (RM10,726), Johor (RM7,712), Penang (RM7,386) and Labuan (RM7,383).

“Penang recorded the highest annual growth rate at 6.4% between 2022 and 2024,” the report stated.

The report also noted that the B40 group’s share of total national income rose slightly to 16.7%, up from 16.3% in 2022.

In contrast, the Top 20% (T20), who earned RM12,680 and above per month, saw their share decline to 45.1%, down from 46.3%. The Middle 40% (M40), earning between RM5,860 and RM12,679, made up a significant portion of the remaining income share.

At the event, Economy Minister Datuk Seri Amir Hamzah Azizan described HIES in his keynote address as a vital statistical instrument for measuring progress and improving the socio-economic status of Malaysian households.

“It is one of the main sources for shaping the country’s socio-economic and social policies, including poverty eradication programmes, increasing income, reducing income inequality, and addressing the cost of living,” he explained.

Amir Hamzah added that Malaysia has achieved a major milestone, with hardcore poverty nearly eradicated and reduced to just 0.09%.

“This reflects the effectiveness of various initiatives to increase people’s income, empower urban communities economically, and enhance public well-being, all of which will be continued by the government,” he said.

The Gini coefficient improved to 0.390 in 2024, compared to 0.404 in 2022, signalling a narrowing of income inequality.

The national absolute poverty incidence decreased from 6.2% in 2022 to 5.1% in 2024, representing about 416,000 households.

“Poverty in urban areas declined to 3.7%, while poverty in rural areas improved to 12%,” the report noted.

“The hardcore poverty incidence dropped to 0.09%, equivalent to fewer than 8,000 households earning below the Food Poverty Line Income (PLI),” it added

Experts: Rising cost of living dampens income gains

The Star

https://www.thestar.com.my › nation › 2025/10/09 › ex...

 — According to the Statistics Department (DOSM), the average monthly disposable household income increased by 3.2% to RM7,584 in 2024, while the .

All routes lead to China

 

After a US$1 trillion investment, the e has evolved into a global infrastructure and economic strategy involving more than 150 countries.

Two months ago, China inaugurated a new train service that adopts a sea-road-rail intermodal approach, reducing the transit time to about 18 days for about 4,300km – more than a 50% increase in efficiency – and notably avoids passing through the Strait of Malacca.

Its full name, the “Zheng He” Sea-road-rail International Multimodal Transport Service, departs from Kunming, carrying 26 containers of Yunnan specialities, including vegetables, fertilisers and animal feed. It then traverses the China-laos Railway to Vientiane, Laos, and then divides into three routes to complete the transportation.

Route one transfers to the Thai railway network to reach Changwat Saraburi in Thailand, route two connects to road transport to Laem Chabang Port in Thailand, followed by sea freight to Singapore.

And route three connects to road transport to Ranong Port in Thailand, then by sea to Yangon Port in Myanmar, and thence by sea to Chittagong Port in Bangladesh.

Named after the renowned navigator Zheng He, a favourite son of Kunming, this amazing feat of engineering has opened up goods from the mainland and Yunnan specifically to new markets, saving costs and resources.

One of these new markets could potentially be Malaysia.

With China being Asean’s largest trading partner, Malaysia’s geographical position makes it a crucial node for the Maritime Silk Road, with its ports and infrastructure playing a pivotal role in regional connectivity and trade.

A key BRI initiative is the East Coast Rail Link (ECRL), a massive infrastructure project connecting the east and west coasts of the peninsula with 20 stations along its route.

Construction work for the 665km railway project has reached 86% completion as of July, despite several hiccups and challenges throughout its development and implementation phases. It is expected to be completed by the end of 2026.

Aimed at improving connectivity and stimulating economic development, the project traversing Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and Selangor is set to be an economic game changer, especially in boosting Malaysia’s transportation network.

Travel time between Kota Baru and the Klang Valley is anticipated to be around four hours, compared to seven hours or more by road during festive seasons.

In March, Investment, Trade and Industry Minister Tengku Datuk Seri Zafrul Abdul Aziz said the ECRL will serve as a catalyst for socioeconomic growth and is expected to increase the country’s GDP by 3.78% by 2047. - 

In April, the Malaysian Investment Development Authority said the ECRL is anticipated to generate RM1.4 trillion for Malaysia’s economy by 2047 with a focus on industrial parks, logistics hubs and transit-oriented developments.

The numbers quoted are impressive, but for the ECRL to truly be effective, there must be a further rail connection with the Thai rail network.

There has been talk of extending the ECRL from Kota Baru to the Sungai Golok border in Thailand to create a seamless connection. This in turn can ensure a transfer of goods from Yunnan and vice versa.

While talks are ongoing between the Thai and Malaysian governments, there are obstacles in the way. Flood risks in the low lying Rantau Panjang stretch is a worry, as is track compatibility because the ECRL uses a standard gauge (1.435m wide), while the State Railway of Thailand uses a 1m gauge.

Technical issues aside, there is political consensus to see the connection happen and it would stimulate trade between the two countries.

As the BRI evolves, it is prompting discussion and debate as to its optimal scale, design, benefits and impact. What cannot be denied is that this initiative continues to be a significant geopolitical force, with its influence on regional and global development being recognised worldwide.

This is no longer a speculative blueprint; it is the largest modern infrastructure initiative in human history. - by ),Brian Martin,